The results warrant further investigation on the effects of GLY exposure in human pregnancies in larger population studies.

Higher maternal GLY levels in the first trimester were associated with lower BWT%iles and higher NICU admission risk. GLY was found in 99% of pregnant women in this Midwestern cohort. The adjusted odds ratio for NICU admission and maternal GLY levels was 1.16 (95% CI: 0.90, 1.67, p = 0.233). Infants born to women living outside of Indiana’s large central metropolitan area were more likely to have a lower BWT%ile associated with mother’s first trimester GLY levels (slope ± SE = -0.064 ± 0.024, p = 0.007). The mean (± SD) urine GLY level was 3.33 ± 1.67 ng/mL. The mean age of participants was 29 years, and the majority were non-Hispanic white (70%) or non-Hispanic Black (21%). Further analyses were limited to 155 pregnant women with singleton live births. Urine GLY levels above the limit of detection (0.1 ng/mL) were found in 186 of 187 (99%) pregnant women. Relationships between primary outcome variables and GLY exposure were assessed using univariate and multivariate linear and logistic regression models. Primary outcome variables included gestation-adjusted birth weight percentile (BWT%ile) and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission. Urine glyphosate levels were measured as a proxy for GLY exposure and quantified using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Demographic and clinical data were abstracted from mother and infant medical records. Random first trimester urine specimens were collected from high risk pregnant women between 20 as part of the Indiana Pregnancy Environmental Exposures Study (PEES). This study aims to establish baseline urine GLY levels in a high-risk and racially diverse pregnancy cohort and to assess the relationship between prenatal GLY exposure and fetal development and birth outcomes. Little is known about the effects of GLY exposure during pregnancy in the human population. Prenatal glyphosate (GLY) exposure is associated with adverse reproductive outcomes in animal studies.

Sas multi scatter plot